Conferring with Readers: Finding Focus

While many teachers value reading conferences because they hold students accountable for reading and provide individualized support and goal-setting, it is challenging to manage conferences with limited class time, large class size, and increased curricular demands. In this session, Donalyn Miller will offer practical management tips and classroom examples that will help attendees focus their reading conferences and maintain momentum for conferring all year

The Book Whisperer; Awakening the Inner Reader in Every Child

In The Book Whisperer, Miller takes us inside her 6th grade classroom to reveal the secrets of he powerful but unusual intructional approach. Rejecting book report, comprehension worksheets, and other aspekof conventional intruction, Miller embrases givviii, 227 p.; 23 c

The book whisperer: Awakening the inner reader in every child

xi+227hlm.;23c

The unfolded protein response sensor IRE1α is required at 2 distinct steps in B cell lymphopoiesis

B lymphocyte differentiation is coordinated with the induction of high-level Ig secretion and expansion of the secretory pathway. Upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER, cells activate an intracellular signaling pathway termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). Two major proximal sensors of the UPR are inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), an ER transmembrane protein kinase/endoribonuclease, and ER-resident eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase (PERK). To elucidate whether the UPR plays an important role in lymphopoiesis, we carried out reconstitution of recombinase-activating gene 2–deficient (rag2(–/–)) mice with hematopoietic cells defective in either IRE1α- or PERK-mediated signaling. IRE1α-deficient (ire1α(–/–)) HSCs can proliferate and give rise to pro–B cells that home to bone marrow. However, IRE1α, but not its catalytic activities, is required for Ig gene rearrangement and production of B cell receptors (BCRs). Analysis of rag2(–/–) mice transplanted with IRE1α trans-dominant-negative bone marrow cells demonstrated an additional requirement for IRE1α in B lymphopoiesis: both the IRE1α kinase and RNase catalytic activities are required to splice the mRNA encoding X-box–binding protein 1 (XBP1) for terminal differentiation of mature B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Furthermore, UPR-mediated translational control through eIF2α phosphorylation is not required for B lymphocyte maturation and/or plasma cell differentiation. These results suggest specific requirements of the IRE1α-mediated UPR subpathway in the early and late stages of B lymphopoiesis